Green Crab Experiment Part 51
Google Gemini for literature search launch pad
I’m trying something new today: Using Google Gemini as a starting place for literature searches (using SCU’s subscription since our queries will not be mined for data).
Gemini search for metabolite roles in the cell membrane
I have a list of metabolites. For these metabolites, 1) state if it is a saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acid; 2) describe their role in the cell membrane; and 3) describe their role in crustaceans. If there is no described role in crustaceans, describe the role in arthropods generally. For 2) and 3), provide links to journal articles. adipic acid arachidic acid glutamic acid heptadecanoic acid salicylic acid stearic acid terephthalic acid
| Metabolite | Fatty Acid Type (1) | Role in Cell Membrane (2) | Role in Crustaceans/Arthropods (3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adipic Acid | Not a fatty acid (It is a dicarboxylic acid) | No direct structural role; generally used in industrial synthesis (e.g., Nylon). | Limited direct biological role; may be a xenobiotic metabolite in some organisms. |
| Arachidic Acid | Saturated Fatty Acid (C20:0) | Contributes to membrane rigidity and stability, primarily in the non-polar core of the lipid bilayer due to its saturation and long chain length. | Precursor to key signaling molecules(eicosanoids) in arthropods, particularly important for immune responses and reproductive processes, though it is often present in minor quantities. |
| Glutamic Acid | Not a fatty acid (It is an amino acid) | Transporters regulate its homeostasis across the membrane; it is an essential component for GSH synthesis and a key neurotransmitter in vertebrates. | Essential building block for proteinsand a major free amino acid in the hemolymph (blood) of arthropods, playing a role in osmoregulation and metabolism. |
| Heptadecanoic Acid | Saturated Fatty Acid (C17:0) - Odd-chain | Contributes to membrane fluidity and function in a way that is debated but may be associated with improved fluidity compared to some even-chain SFAs. | Part of the general fatty acid profilein crustaceans, serving as a component of complex lipids essential for energy storage and structural components during key physiological processes like molting and reproduction. |
| Salicylic Acid | Not a fatty acid (It is a phenolic acid/phytohormone) | Induces changes in plant cells’ vacuolar pH and can disrupt the polarity of certain auxin transporters on the plasma membrane in plants. | Primarily known as a plant defense signaling molecule (phytohormone); in arthropods (like insects), it can be toxic or a deterrent against herbivores feeding on SA-induced plants. |
| Stearic Acid | Saturated Fatty Acid (C18:0) | Increases the rigidity and order of the lipid bilayer by packing tightly with other saturated lipids, affecting membrane fluidity. | A major structural component of cell membranes and a source of body fuel; its presence is significant in the muscle tissues of crustaceans, such as crabs. |
| Terephthalic Acid | Not a fatty acid (It is a benzenedicarboxylic acid) | No direct structural role; a breakdown product of PET plastic, it requires specific transporter proteins (e.g., TphC in bacteria) to cross the cell membrane for metabolism. | A degradation product of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic; gut microbes in some arthropods (e.g., Hymenoptera, mealworms) possess enzymes and transport systems to metabolize it. |
Journal Article Links for Roles
Role in Cell Membrane (2)
- Arachidic Acid (C20:0) (General Fatty Acid/Arachidonic Acid
Precursor): Arachidonic acid (C20:4, derived from similar
chain-length metabolism) is noted for contributing to membrane
fluidity due to its double bonds. Saturated chains like arachidic
acid, conversely, promote rigidity via tight packing.
- Reference: Shindou, H., & Shimizu, T. (2014). Arachidonic acid as a bioactive molecule. Progress in Lipid Research, 53, 1–17. Link to Article (PMC/PubMed Central) (Focuses on C20 chain length role in membrane fluidity)
- Glutamic Acid (Amino Acid): Its cellular homeostasis is managed
by membrane transporters (e.g., SLC families), which are
critical for its function as a neurotransmitter and in various
metabolic processes.
- Reference: Rota, M., Curi, P., Indiveri, C., & Galluccio, M. (2014). Membrane transporters for the special amino acid glutamine: structure/function relationships and relevance to human health. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2, 61. Link to Article (Frontiers) (Discusses glutamate/glutamine transporters)
- Heptadecanoic Acid (C17:0): Odd-chain fatty acids (like C17:0)
have been studied for their presence in tissues and their potential
role in modulating membrane fluidity and function.
- Reference: Jenkins, B., & West, N. (2015). A Review of Odd-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism and the Role of Pentadecanoic Acid (C15:0) and Heptadecanoic Acid (C17:0) in Health and Disease. Molecules, 20(2), 2425–2444. Link to Article (ResearchGate)
- Stearic Acid (C18:0): As a saturated fatty acid, it increases
the condensation and rigidity of phospholipid monolayers, which is
key to its structural role in biological membranes.
- Reference: Hąc-Wydro, K., Wydro, P., & Dynarowicz-Łątka, P. (2007). Effect of saturation degree on the interactions between fatty acids and phosphatidylcholines in binary and ternary Langmuir monolayers. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 150(2), 177–187. Link to Article (ResearchGate)
Role in Crustaceans/Arthropods (3)
- Arachidic Acid (C20:0) (Arthropods): Arachidonic acid (C20:4,
metabolically related) and its derivatives (eicosanoids) are
critical for insect immune responses and reproduction, often
acquired through diet due to limited de novo synthesis capacity.
Arachidic acid is a major saturated fatty acid in some arthropods.
- Reference: Skowronek, A., Wójcik, A., & Strachecka, A. (2022). The metabolism and role of free fatty acids in key physiological processes in insects of medical, veterinary and forensic importance. PeerJ, 10, e12716. Link to Article (PMC/PubMed Central) (Discusses fatty acid roles, including saturated, in insects/arthropods)
- Glutamic Acid (Arthropods): It is one of the most abundant free
amino acids found in the hemolymph (insect blood) and plays a
key role in cellular metabolism, osmoregulation, and providing
precursors for protein synthesis.
- Reference: Olajide, I. A., Idahosa, A. A., & Sani, S. (2024). Comparative Amino Acid Profiling of Arthropod Haemolymph in Zaria, Nigeria. Future Nigerian Agricultural Science Journal: Academic & Crop Science Research, 1(1), 38–48. Link to Article (FNAS Journals)
- Heptadecanoic Acid (C17:0) (Crustaceans): Fatty acids are
essential components in the development and physiology of
crustaceans, serving as energy stores and structural lipids.
- Reference: Savina, V. V., et al. (2024). Fatty Acids in the Eggs of Red King Crabs from the Barents Sea. Animals, 14(2), 348. Link to Article (MDPI)
- Stearic Acid (C18:0) (Crustaceans): It is one of the dominant
saturated fatty acids found in the muscle tissues of
crustaceans, serving as a structural component and body fuel.
- Reference: Santhanam, P. (2017). Fatty Acid Composition in Long-eyed Swimming Crab Podophthalmus vigil (Fabricius). Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development, 7(1), 232. Link to Article (Longdom)
- Terephthalic Acid (Arthropods): As a monomer of PET plastic, it
can be metabolized by symbiotic bacteria in the guts of certain
arthropods, offering a potential role in plastic biodegradation.
- Reference: Kim, D., et al. (2023). Biodegradation Potential of Polyethylene Terephthalate by the Two Insect Gut Symbionts Xanthomonas sp. HY-74 and Bacillus sp. HY-75. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 5(11), 8632–8643. Link to Article (PMC/PubMed Central)
I then modified the prompt a bit to include general roles in marine invertebrates:
I have a list of metabolites. For these metabolites, 1) state the compound type and whether it is saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated; 2) describe their role in the cell membrane; 3) describe their role in crustaceans (iof there is no described role in crustaceans, describe the role in arthropods generally) and 4) describe their role in marine invertebrates (if there is no described role in any marine invertebrate, state “N/A”) For 2), 3), and 4) provide links to journal articles.
| Metabolite | Compound Type and Saturation State | Role in Cell Membrane | Role in Crustaceans/Arthropods | Role in Marine Invertebrates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipic Acid | Dicarboxylic Acid; Saturated | Can passively diffuse across the $\text{plasma membrane}$ in its undissociated form, leading to acid stress inside the cell (observed in microbes) [1]. | N/A (Role in physiological or structural function in crustaceans not widely documented) [2]. | N/A (Role in physiological or structural function in marine invertebrates not widely documented). |
| Arachidic Acid($\text{C}20:0$) | Fatty Acid; Saturated | Incorporated into membrane phospholipids, influencing fluidity and serving as a structural component [3]. | N/A (Arachidic acid itself is a saturated fatty acid, but the unsaturated $\text{Arachidonic Acid}$ ($\text{ARA}$, $\text{C}20:4\text{n}-6$) is a key precursor for $\text{prostaglandins}$that regulate reproduction and egg quality in crustaceans) [4]. | Essential nutrient, often a constituent of $\text{membrane lipids}$and energy reserves (as part of triglycerides/phospholipids) [3, 5]. |
| Glutamic Acid(Glutamate) | Amino Acid | As part of membrane proteins, contributes to $\text{ion channel}$ and $\text{transporter}$function; rich in $\text{E}$-rich sequences that can bind $\text{Ca}^{2+}$[6]. | As a residue in $\text{Crustocalcin}$($\text{CCN}$), its $\text{glutamate}$-rich ($\text{E}$-rich) sequences bind $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ and promote $\text{CaCO}_3$crystallization for $\text{exoskeleton calcification}$ (molting) [6]. | Key constituent of total protein content [7]; involvement in $\text{calcification}$processes as an acidic residue in $\text{acidic proteins}$ (similar to crustaceans) [6]. |
| Heptadecanoic Acid($\text{C}17:0$) | Fatty Acid; Saturated (Odd-chain) | Incorporated into $\text{membrane phospholipids}$, contributing to structural stability and influencing membrane fluidity[3]. | Constituent of $\text{lipids/fatty acids}$which maintain the integrity of cellular membranes and serve as an energy source [8]. | Constituent of $\text{lipids/fatty acids}$which maintain the integrity of cellular membranes and serve as an energy source [8]. |
| Salicylic Acid($\text{SA}$) | Aromatic Carboxylic Acid | Not a typical membrane component, but can interact with and influence membrane-associated proteins and structures, such as $\text{Remorin}$and $\text{lipid rafts}$ (observed in plants) [9]. | N/A (Primary role as a plant hormone and pharmaceutical in animals; no distinct physiological role in arthropod metabolism is widely documented) [10]. | N/A (Primary role as a plant hormone and pharmaceutical in animals; no distinct physiological role in marine invertebrate metabolism is widely documented) [10]. |
| Stearic Acid($\text{C}18:0$) | Fatty Acid; Saturated | Structural component of $\text{membrane phospholipids}$(typically in the inner layer), helping to regulate membrane $\text{fluidity}$and structure [3, 11]. | Important component of $\text{lipids}$ (neutral lipids and phospholipids); essential for maintaining the $\text{integrity of cellular and sub-cellular membranes}$ and an energy source [8]. | $\text{Fatty acid}$component of $\text{phospholipids}$ and $\text{triglycerides}$ [11]; vital for $\text{cellular membrane structure}$ and energy storage [8, 5]. |
| Terephthalic Acid | Dicarboxylic Acid; Saturated (Aromatic) | N/A (Role as a membrane component is not documented; mainly an industrial chemical). | N/A (An industrial chemical with no known or widely studied physiological role in arthropod metabolism). | N/A (An industrial chemical with no known or widely studied physiological role in marine invertebrate metabolism). |
Journal Article Citations
- Adipic Acid (Cell Membrane):
- Sonderegger, M. (2017). Adipic acid tolerance screening for potential adipic acid production hosts. BMC Biotechnol, $17(1)$, 11. [PMC: PMC5286774]
- Adipic Acid (Crustaceans):
- A search for “Adipic acid role in crustaceans” did not yield direct physiological roles. The closest related findings concern the general response of crustaceans to acidification, which is not specific to adipic acid.
- Arachidic Acid & Stearic Acid (Cell Membrane, Invertebrates):
- Vancso, M., et al. (2018). The Various Roles of Fatty Acids. Molecules, $23(11)$, 2883. [PMC: PMC6222795]
- Arachidic Acid (Crustaceans):
- Liu, H., et al. (2016). Effects of arachidonic acid supplementation in maturation diet on female reproductive performance and larval quality of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Aquac Res, $48(12)$, 6177–6189. [PMC: PMC5131618]
- Arachidic Acid & Stearic Acid (Marine Invertebrates):
- Parrish, C. C., et al. (2015). Lipids in Marine Ecosystems. In W. G. R. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Marine Sciences. CRC Press, pp. 1-12. [ResearchGate: 258405156]
- Glutamic Acid (Cell Membrane, Crustaceans, Invertebrates):
- Endo, H., et al. (2004). A crustacean $\text{Ca}^{2+}$-binding protein with a $\text{glutamate}$-rich sequence promotes $\text{CaCO}_3$ crystallization. Biochem J, $382(\text{Pt}\ 2)$, 445–452. [NIH: PMC1134099]
- Glutamic Acid (Marine Invertebrates):
- de Oliveira, V. E., et al. (2014). Proximate composition of marine invertebrates from tropical coastal waters, with emphasis on the relationship between nitrogen and protein contents. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., $459$, 81-88. [ResearchGate: 261994125]
- Heptadecanoic Acid & Stearic Acid (Crustaceans, Marine
Invertebrates):
- Senthil Kumar, R., et al. (2015). Lipids and Fatty Acids: Its Role in Crustaceans. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci., $2(12)$, 137–146. [IJARBS: IJARBS]
- Salicylic Acid (Cell Membrane):
- Wang, Z., et al. (2019). Salicylic acid-mediated $\text{plasmodesmal}$ closure via $\text{Remorin}$-dependent $\text{lipid}$ organization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, $116(43)$, 21896–21901. [PMC: PMC6800329]
- Salicylic Acid (Crustaceans/Invertebrates):
- Shulaev, V. (2016). Multiple Targets of Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives in Plants and Animals. Front Immunol, 7, 206. [Frontiers: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00206]
- Stearic Acid (Cell Membrane):
- Stearic acid. (2025). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 24, 2025. [Britannica: stearic-acid]
Gemini search for metabolite roles in muscle contraction
I have a list of metabolites. For these metabolites, 1) state the compound type and whether it is saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated; 2) describe their role in muscle contraction; 3) describe their role in crustaceans (if there is no described role in crustaceans, describe the role in arthropods generally) and 4) describe their role in marine invertebrates (if there is no described role in any marine invertebrate, state “N/A”) For 2), 3), and 4) provide links to journal articles. adipic acid, arachidic acid, glutamic acid, heptadecanoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, terephthalic acid, putrescine, spermidine
| Metabolite | Compound Type & Saturation | Role in Muscle Contraction (Vertebrates) | Role in Crustaceans/Arthropods | Role in Marine Invertebrates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipic Acid | Dicarboxylic Acid(Aliphatic) | N/A (Not a primary direct regulator; involved in energy pathways like $\text{ketogenesis}$/$\text{fatty acid oxidation}$) | N/A (No primary described role) | N/A (No primary described role) |
| Arachidic Acid | Fatty Acid (20:0); Saturated | N/A (A minor dietary $\text{SFA}$, not a direct regulator. $\text{Arachidonic acid}$ ($\text{20:4}$$\text{PUFA}$) is the precursor for muscle-contracting prostaglandins) [1] | N/A (No primary described role) | N/A (No primary described role) |
| Glutamic Acid | Amino Acid(Non-essential); $\text{N/A}$ | A major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, which indirectly initiates voluntary muscle contraction via motor neurons. | A major excitatory neurotransmittercontrolling fast skeletal muscle contraction. [2] | N/A (Role in crustaceans is definitive for a class of marine invertebrates, Decapoda, but $\text{N/A}$ for a general, distinct marine invertebrate role outside of this.) |
| Heptadecanoic Acid | Fatty Acid (17:0); Saturated | N/A (A minor $\text{SFA}$involved in membrane structure; not a direct regulator of contraction) [3] | Membrane component/nutritional value. Found in muscle tissue as a $\text{SFA}$component influencing nutritional profile. [4] | Nutritional marker.Its presence in the diet, such as from certain fish, may be tracked as a $\text{metabolic}$$\text{biomarker}$in marine mammals (like dolphins), but a direct invertebraterole is $\text{N/A}$. [5] |
| Salicylic Acid | Phenolic Acid | Anti-inflammatory/Analgesic.A metabolite of $\text{aspirin}$($\text{NSAID}$), it is used to inhibit muscle pain/inflammation rather than regulating contraction itself. [6] | Toxicity/Behavioral effects. As an aquatic pollutant, high concentrations impair $\text{behavior}$ (e.g., swimming speed) and $\text{physiological}$$\text{endpoints}$ (e.g., heart rate) in crustaceans. [7] | Ecotoxicological agent. Exposure affects $\text{oxidative}$$\text{stress}$defense and metabolic activities in marine invertebrates like mussels. [8] |
| Stearic Acid | Fatty Acid (18:0); Saturated | N/A (A major structural $\text{SFA}$ in cell membranes; not a direct regulator of contraction) [3] | Membrane component.A key $\text{SFA}$component of $\text{crustacean}\(\text{membrane}\)\text{lipids}$ (e.g., in muscle), contributing to structural integrity. [4] | N/A (General structural role in membranes, but $\text{N/A}$ for a distinct regulatory role outside of general $\text{membrane}\(\text{structure}\)\text{invertebrate}$biology.) |
| Terephthalic Acid | Dicarboxylic Acid(Aromatic) | N/A (Primarily an industrial chemical; not a natural biological metabolite in this context) | N/A (No described role) | N/A (No described role) |
| Putrescine | Polyamine | Modulates protein synthesis.Promotes $\text{muscle}\(\text{protein}\)\text{synthesis}$ and $\text{growth}$ by supporting $\text{ribosome}\(\text{biogenesis}$ and $\text{mRNA}\)\text{translation}$. [9] | Growth and development regulator.Essential for $\text{growth}$, $\text{cell}\(\text{proliferation}$, $\text{and}\)\text{differentiation}$ in arthropods, including $\text{crustaceans}$. [10] | N/A (Role in crustaceans is definitive for a class of marine invertebrates, but $\text{N/A}$ for a general, distinct marine invertebrate role outside of this.) |
| Spermidine | Polyamine | Autophagy/Hypertrophy.Promotes $\text{skeletal}\(\text{muscle}\)\text{regeneration}$ and $\text{autophagy}$, a cellular clean-up process critical for $\text{muscle}$$\text{homeostasis}$ and $\text{health}$. [11] | Growth/Reproduction.Involved in the $\text{molting}\(\text{cycle}$ and $\text{reproduction}$, particularly in regulating $\text{ovarian}\)\text{maturation}$ in crustaceans. [10] | N/A (Role in crustaceans is definitive for a class of marine invertebrates, but $\text{N/A}$ for a general, distinct marine invertebrate role outside of this.) |
Journal Article Citations
[1] $\text{Arachidonic acid}$ (not $\text{arachidic acid}$) is responsible for the smooth muscle-contracting activity of G-acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1979. [PMC: $\text{PMC383678}$]
[2] $\text{Glutamate-induced}$ contractions in $\text{crustacean}$ $\text{muscle}$. J Cell Physiol, 1959. [PubMed: $\text{13841073}$]
[3] $\text{Vancso, M., et al.}$ $\text{The}$ $\text{Various}$ $\text{Roles}$ $\text{of}$ $\text{Fatty}$ $\text{Acids}$. Molecules,
- [PMC: $\text{PMC6222795}$]
[4] $\text{Effects}$ $\text{of}$ $\text{Dietary}$ $\text{Rhodotorula}$ $\text{mucilaginosa}$ $\text{on}$ $\text{Muscle}$ $\text{Composition}…$ $\text{in}$ $\text{Red}$ $\text{Claw}$ $\text{Crayfish}$. MDPI, 2024. [ResearchGate: $\text{379923031}$]
[5] $\text{Increased}$ $\text{Dietary}$ $\text{Intake}$ $\text{of}$ $\text{Saturated}$ $\text{Fatty}$ $\text{Acid}$ $\text{Heptadecanoic}$ $\text{Acid}$ ($\text{C}17:0$) $\text{Associated}$ $\text{with}$ $\text{Decreasing}$ $\text{Ferritin}$ $\text{and}$ $\text{Alleviated}$ $\text{Metabolic}$ $\text{Syndrome}$ $\text{in}$ $\text{Dolphins}$. PLoS One, 2015. [ResearchGate: $\text{280317569}$]
[6] $\text{Zhou, C. D., et al.}$ $\text{Salicylic}$ $\text{acid}$ $\text{and}$ $\text{its}$ $\text{derivative}$ $\text{as}$ $\text{natural}$ $\text{anti-inflammatory}$ $\text{agents}$. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2024. [Wiley Online Library: $\text{10.1111/jcpt.13968}$]
[7] $\text{Behavioral}$ $\text{and}$ $\text{physiological}$ $\text{responses}$ $\text{of}$ $\text{Daphnia}$ $\text{magna}$ $\text{to}$ $\text{salicylic}$ $\text{acid}$. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,
- [PubMed: $\text{33268096}$]
[8] $\text{Assessment}$ $\text{of}$ $\text{the}$ $\text{effects}$ $\text{of}$ $\text{caffeine}$ $\text{and}$ $\text{salicylic}$ $\text{acid}$ $\text{mixtures}$ $\text{on}$ $\text{mussel}$ $\text{Mytilus}$ $\text{galloprovincialis}$… J Hazard Mater, 2022. [ScienceDirect: $\text{10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128711}$]
[9] $\text{Polyamines}$ $\text{in}$ $\text{mammalian}$ $\text{skeletal}$ $\text{muscle}$: $\text{from}$ $\text{regeneration}$ $\text{to}$ $\text{metabolic}$ $\text{disease}$. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA, 2021. [Wiley Online Library: $\text{10.1002/wrna.1661}$]
[10] $\text{The}$ $\text{Polyamines}$: $\text{Critical}$ $\text{Molecules}$ $\text{for}$ $\text{Reproduction}$ $\text{and}$ $\text{Development}$ $\text{in}$ $\text{Aquatic}$ $\text{Crustaceans}$. Frontiers in Physiology, 2019. [PMC: $\text{PMC6715694}$]
[11] $\text{Spermidine}$ $\text{Ameliorates}$ $\text{Physiological}$ $\text{Changes}$ $\text{in}$ $\text{Skeletal}$ $\text{Muscle}$ $\text{after}$ $\text{Injury}$ $\text{in}$ $\text{Mice}$. Int J Mol Sci, 2022. [PMC: $\text{PMC9666012}$]
Making sense of the information
Alright I now have a list of papers. The results/trends seem mainly in line with what I pulled out of Google Scholar searches. It provides me links to various articles, but sometimes the author information is incorrect even if the journal and article titles are correct. Senthil Kumar et al. (2015) doesn’t seem to exist at all, which was used to justify the role of heptadecanoic and stearic acids in the crustacean cell membranes. “Polyamines in mammalian skeletal muscle,” “The Polyamines: Critical Molecules for Reproduction and Development in Aquatic Crustaceans,” and “Spermidine Ameliorates Physiological Changes in Skeletal Muscle after Injury in Mice” also don’t exist, so I need to confirm the roles of putresciene and spermidine in muscle contraction.
Conclusions
The reason I am looking into these molecules is because they were present in a module significantly correlated with 30ºC and righting response. Elevated abundance of these molecules were found in 30ºC, and their high abundance is significantly correlated with faster righting response time. Overall, Gemini was good as a good launchpad, but I still had to put in substantial work into reviewing the citations provided (then finding my own since it hallucinated so much). I’m not sure if it actually saved me any time or not.
- adipic acid: No role in cell membrane, which tracks with my previous Google Scholar searches.
- arachidic acid: precursor to arachidonic acid, which is what is important for the cell membrane
- glutamic acid: part of membrane proteins, neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle contractions
- heptadecanoic acid: membrane fluidity and function, energy storage in crustaceans
- salicylic acid: impair behavior and heart rate as a pollutant, could be suggestive of inability to cope with 30ºC long-term
- stearic acid: provides more structure/reduced fluidity in the membrane, significant presence in crustacean tisue
- terephthalic acid: industrial chemical, no clear relationship to righting response
- putrescine: foul odor of dying flesh (yum), could tie in nicely with elevated mortality. polyamine (role in muscle contraction regulation)
- spermidine: polyamine (role in muscle contraction regulation)
Going forward
- Outline discussion
- Write discussion
- Outline introduction
- Write introduction
- Write abstract
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